Blood Glucose Monitoring, Pediatric

• Know when to adjust your child's diabetes management plan with their health care provider.
• See how food, exercise, illness, and medicines affect your child's blood glucose.
• Know what your child's blood glucose is at any time.

Your child's provider will set specific goals for your child's blood glucose levels before meals (preprandial) and after meals (postprandial).

Supplies needed:

• Blood glucose meter.
• Test strips for your child's meter. Each meter has its own strips. You must use the strips that came with your child's meter.
• A needle to prick their finger (lancet). Do not use a lancet more than once.
• A device that holds the lancet (lancing device).
• A journal or logbook to write down your child's results.

How to check your child's blood glucose

Checking your child's blood glucose

1. Wash your hands and your child's hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
2. Prick the side of your child's finger with the lancet. Do not prick the tip of their finger. Do not prick the same finger more than once.
3. Gently rub the finger until a small drop of blood appears.
4. Follow the instructions that came with the meter about how to insert the test strip, apply blood to the strip, and use the meter.
5. Write down the result and any notes.

Using alternative sites

Some meters let you use other areas of your child's body (alternative sites) to test their blood. The most common places are the forearm, the thigh, and the palm of the hand.

Alternative sites may not be as accurate as the fingers. The result you get may also be delayed.

• You think your child has low blood glucose (hypoglycemia).
• Your child sometimes does not know that their blood glucose is getting low (hypoglycemia unawareness).

General tips and recommendations

Blood glucose log

• Write down the result each time you check your child's blood glucose. Note anything that may be affecting your child's blood glucose. This can help you and your child's provider:
  • Look for patterns over time.
  • Adjust your child's management plan as needed.
• Check if your child's meter has an app or lets you download records to a computer. Most meters keep a record of glucose readings in the meter.

If your child has type 1 diabetes:

• Your child may need to have their blood glucose checked 4 or more times a day. Check your child's blood glucose as often as told by the provider. This may include:
  • Before every meal.
  • Two hours after a meal.
  • At bedtime.
  • Before and after exercise.
  • Between 2:00 a.m. and 3:00 a.m., as told.
  • Before doing things that have a risk of injury, such as riding a bike or driving.
  • If your child has symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • After treating your child's hypoglycemia.
• You may need to check your child's blood glucose more often, such as up to 6–10 times a day, if:
  • Your child's diabetes is not well controlled.
  • Your child is ill.
  • Your child has a history of severe hypoglycemia.
  • Your child has hypoglycemia unawareness.

If your child has type 2 diabetes:

• Your child may need to have their blood glucose checked 4 or more times a day. Check your child's blood glucose as often as told by the provider. This may include:
  • Before and after exercise.
  • If your child has symptoms of hypoglycemia.
  • After giving your child treatment for hypoglycemia.
  • Between 2:00 a.m. and 3:00 a.m.
  • Before doing things that have a risk of injury, such as riding a bike or driving.
• You may need to check your child's blood glucose more often if:
  • Your child's medicine is being adjusted.
  • Your child's diabetes is not well controlled.
  • Your child is ill.

General tips

• Make sure your child always has their supplies with them.
• After you use a few boxes of test strips, adjust (calibrate) your child's blood glucose meter. Follow the instructions that came with the meter.
• If you have questions or need help, all blood glucose meters have a 24-hour hotline phone number that you can call. Also contact your child's provider with any questions or concerns.

Where to find more information

• The American Diabetes Association: diabetes.org
• The Association of Diabetes Care & Education Specialists: diabeteseducator.org

Contact a health care provider if:

• Your child's blood glucose is out of their target range. Your child's provider will tell you when you should contact them in these cases.
• Your child gets a serious illness.
• Your child has been sick or has had a fever for 2 days or longer and is not getting better.
• Your child cannot eat or drink.
• Your child has nausea or vomiting.
• Your child has diarrhea.

Get help right away if:

• Your child's blood glucose is lower than 54 mg/dL (3 mmol/L).
• Your child becomes very upset, cannot stop crying, or is unresponsive.
• Your child has trouble breathing.
• Your child has moderate to high ketones levels in their pee (urine).

These symptoms may be an emergency. Do not wait to see if the symptoms will go away. Get help right away. Call 911.