English
ThisiscontentfromClinicalKey
Sign up for your free ClinicalKey trial today! Your first step in getting the right answers when you need them. ClinicalKey is a clinical knowledge solution designed to help healthcare professionals and students find the right answers by providing in-depth, evidence-based knowledge – all from one resource.
Treatment strategies include medical, intravitreal, laser, and surgical approaches r28
Encourage lifestyle measures that optimize glycemic control, blood pressure, and cholesterol in optimal range to delay progression or prevent onset of retinopathy r3c107c108c109
Physical activity c110
Severity of retinopathy | Macular edema | Panretinal laser photocoagulation | Focal laser photocoagulation | Intravitreal anti-VEGF |
---|---|---|---|---|
No or minimal nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy | No | No | No | No |
Mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy | No | No | No | No |
Non–central-involved ME | No | Sometimes | No | |
Central-involved ME | No | Rarely | Usually | |
Moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy | No | No | No | No |
Non–central-involved ME | No | Sometimes | Rarely | |
Central-involved ME | No | Rarely | Usually | |
Severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy | No | Sometimes | No | Sometimes |
Non–central-involved ME | Sometimes | Sometimes | Sometimes | |
Central-involved ME | Sometimes | Rarely | Usually | |
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy | ||||
Early proliferative diabetic retinopathy | No | Sometimes | No | Sometimes |
Non–central-involved ME | Sometimes | Sometimes | Sometimes | |
Central-involved ME | Sometimes | Sometimes | Usually | |
High-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy | No | Recommended | No | Sometimes |
Non–central-involved ME | Recommended | Sometimes | Sometimes | |
Central-involved ME | Recommended | Sometimes | Usually |
Severity of retinopathy | Presence of macular edema | Time interval to follow-up (months) |
---|---|---|
Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy | ||
Non–central-involved ME | 3-6 | |
Mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy | No | 12 |
Central-involved ME | 1 | |
Moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy | No | 12 |
Non–central-involved ME | 3-6 | |
Central-involved ME | 1 | |
Severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy | No | 3-4 |
Non–central-involved ME | 2-4 | |
Central-involved ME | 1 | |
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy | ||
Early proliferative diabetic retinopathy | No | 3-4 |
Non–central-involved ME | 2-4 | |
Central-involved ME | 1 | |
High-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy | No | 2-4 |
Non–central-involved ME | 2-4 | |
Central-involved ME | 1 |