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Baloxavir Marboxil

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Sep.10.2022

Baloxavir Marboxil

Indications/Dosage

Labeled

  • influenza A virus infection
  • influenza B virus infection
  • seasonal influenza prophylaxis

General dosing information:

  • Because antiviral resistance patterns can change over time, monitor local antiviral resistance surveillance data. If patients become symptomatic or have worsening symptoms after or during the use of an antiviral agent, a resistant organism is possible.[62315][63866]

 

Seasonal influenza virus:

  • Antiviral treatment with baloxavir is recommended for outpatients with acute uncomplicated influenza infection who are at higher risk for influenza complications (i.e., adults 65 years and older; patients with chronic conditions; immunosuppressed patients; females who are pregnant or postpartum [less than 2 weeks since delivery]; children on long-term aspirin therapy; American Indians/Alaska Natives; morbidly obese patients; and residents of long-term care facilities). Treatment may also be considered for previously healthy, symptomatic patients that are not considered high risk based on clinical judgment if treatment can be initiated within 48 hours of symptom onset.
  • When indicated, antiviral therapy should be started as soon as possible after illness onset, ideally within 48 hours of symptom onset.
  • In general, post-exposure chemoprophylaxis is only recommended when antivirals can be initiated within 48 hours of exposure. The decision regarding who should receive post-exposure prophylaxis is dependent on patient risk factors, type and duration of exposure, clinical judgment, and product availability. Chemoprophylaxis lowers but does not eliminate the risk for influenza infection.
  • The 2009 H1N1 influenza virus (swine influenza) is included in seasonal influenza A viruses.[62315][63866]

 

Novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease, including avian influenza virus:

  • Antiviral therapy is recommended as early as possible for patients with suspected or confirmed cases, even if more than 48 hours have elapsed since illness onset. Treatment is also recommended for any patient with recent or close contact with a confirmed or probable case.[62336][62338]

Off-Label

  • avian influenza A virus infection
† Off-label indication

For the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza A virus infection or influenza B virus infection

for the treatment of acute uncomplicated influenza A virus infection or influenza B virus infection in patients who are otherwise healthy

Oral dosage (tablet or suspension)

Adults weighing 80 kg or more

80 mg PO as a single dose within 48 hours of symptom onset.[63687]

Adults weighing less than 80 kg

40 mg PO as a single dose within 48 hours of symptom onset.[63687]

Children and Adolescents 5 to 17 years weighing 80 kg or more

80 mg PO as a single dose within 48 hours of symptom onset.[63687]

Children and Adolescents 5 to 17 years weighing 20 to 79 kg

40 mg PO as a single dose within 48 hours of symptom onset.[63687]

Oral dosage (suspension)

Children 5 to 12 years weighing less than 20 kg

2 mg/kg PO as a single dose within 48 hours of symptom onset.[63687]

Oral dosage (tablet or suspension)

Adults weighing 80 kg or more

80 mg PO as a single dose within 48 hours of symptom onset.[63687]

Adults weighing less than 80 kg

40 mg PO as a single dose within 48 hours of symptom onset.[63687]

Children and Adolescents 12 to 17 years weighing 80 kg or more

80 mg PO as a single dose within 48 hours of symptom onset.[63687]

Children and Adolescents 12 to 17 years weighing 20 to 79 kg

40 mg PO as a single dose within 48 hours of symptom onset.[63687]

For post-exposure seasonal influenza prophylaxis

Oral dosage (tablet or suspension)

Adults weighing 80 kg or more

80 mg PO as a single dose administered as soon as possible after contact with an individual who has influenza.[63687]

Adults weighing less than 80 kg

40 mg PO as a single dose administered as soon as possible after contact with an individual who has influenza.[63687]

Children and Adolescents 5 to 17 years weighing 80 kg or more

80 mg PO as a single dose administered as soon as possible after contact with an individual who has influenza.[63687]

Children and Adolescents 5 to 17 years weighing 20 to 79 kg

40 mg PO as a single dose administered as soon as possible after contact with an individual who has influenza.[63687]

Oral dosage (suspension)

Children 5 to 12 years weighing less than 20 kg

2 mg/kg PO as a single dose administered as soon as possible after contact with an individual who has influenza.[63687]

For the treatment of novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease†, including avian influenza A virus infection†

Oral dosage

Adults weighing 80 kg or more

80 mg PO as a single dose for outpatients with uncomplicated, mild-to-moderate illness who present within 48 hours of symptom onset.[62315] [62336]

Adults weighing less than 80 kg

40 mg PO as a single dose for outpatients with uncomplicated, mild-to-moderate illness who present within 48 hours of symptom onset.[62315] [62336]

Children and Adolescents 12 to 17 years weighing 80 kg or more

80 mg PO as a single dose for outpatients with uncomplicated, mild-to-moderate illness who present within 48 hours of symptom onset.[62315] [62336]

Children and Adolescents 12 to 17 years weighing less than 80 kg

40 mg PO as a single dose for outpatients with uncomplicated, mild-to-moderate illness who present within 48 hours of symptom onset.[62315] [62336]

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Maximum Dosage Limits

  • Adults

    weight 80 kg or more: 80 mg PO.

    weight less than 80 kg: 40 mg PO.

  • Geriatric

    weight 80 kg or more: 80 mg PO.

    weight less than 80 kg: 40 mg PO.

  • Adolescents

    weight 80 kg or more: 80 mg PO.

    weight less than 80 kg: 40 mg PO.

  • Children

    5 to 12 years and weight 80 kg or more: 80 mg PO.

    5 to 12 years and weight 20 to 79 kg: 40 mg PO.

    5 to 12 years and weight less than 20 kg: 2 mg/kg PO.

    1 to 4 years: Safety and efficacy have not been established.

  • Infants

    Safety and efficacy have not been established.

  • Neonates

    Safety and efficacy have not been established.

Patients with Hepatic Impairment Dosing

Specific guidelines for dosage adjustments in hepatic impairment are not available; it appears that no dosage adjustments are needed.[63687]

Patients with Renal Impairment Dosing

Specific guidelines for dosage adjustments in renal impairment are not available; it appears that no dosage adjustments are needed.[63687]

† Off-label indication
Revision Date: 09/10/2022, 06:49:50 PM

References

62315 - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Influenza antiviral medications: Summary for clinicians, 2020-2021. Retrieved November 5, 2020. Available on the World Wide Web at https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/antivirals/summary-clinicians.htm62336 - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Interim guidance on the use of antiviral medications for treatment of human infections with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease. Retrieved May 3, 2022. Available on the World Wide Web at https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/novel-av-treatment-guidance.htm62338 - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Interim guidance on follow-up of close contacts of persons infected with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease and on the use of antiviral medications for chemoprophylaxis. Retrieved May 4, 2022. Available on the World Wide Web at https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/novel-av-chemoprophylaxis-guidance.htm63687 - Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil) package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2023 Jun.63866 - Uyeki TM, Bernstein HH, Bradley JS, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 Update on Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Management of Seasonal Influenza. Clin Infect Dis 2019;68:e1-e47.

How Supplied

Baloxavir Marboxil Granules for oral suspension

Xofluza 40mg/20mL Granules for Suspension (50242-0583) (Genentech Inc) null

Baloxavir Marboxil Oral tablet

Xofluza 20mg Tablet (50242-0828) (Genentech Inc) null

Baloxavir Marboxil Oral tablet

Xofluza 40mg Tablet (50242-0860) (Genentech Inc) nullXofluza 40mg Tablet package photo

Baloxavir Marboxil Oral tablet

Xofluza 80mg Tablet (50242-0877) (Genentech Inc) nullXofluza 80mg Tablet package photo

Description/Classification

Description

Baloxavir marboxil is an oral antiviral drug given as a single weight-based dose. It is approved to treat uncomplicated influenza infections in patients who have been symptomatic for no more than 48 hours and who are: otherwise healthy adults and pediatric patients 5 years and older or adults and pediatric patients 12 years and older who are at high risk of developing influenza-related complications. Baloxavir is also approved for postexposure influenza prophylaxis in adults and pediatric patients 5 years and older. Baloxavir is active against both influenza A and B viruses. It is the first drug approved that targets the influenza virus-specific enzyme polymerase acidic (PA) protein, which is located within the viral RNA polymerase complex. By inhibiting the endonuclease activity of the PA protein, the drug prevents viral gene transcription and ultimately viral replication. Baloxavir is not a substitute for an annual influenza virus vaccination. Instead, antiviral drugs are considered adjuncts to the prevention and control of influenza; annual influenza vaccination remains the main option for reducing the impact of influenza.[62315][63687]

Classifications

  • General Anti-infectives Systemic
    • Antivirals For Systemic Use
      • Polymerase Acidic (PA) Endonuclease Inhibitor Antivirals
Revision Date: 08/15/2022, 12:47:50 PM

References

62315 - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Influenza antiviral medications: Summary for clinicians, 2020-2021. Retrieved November 5, 2020. Available on the World Wide Web at https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/antivirals/summary-clinicians.htm63687 - Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil) package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2023 Jun.

Administration Information

General Administration Information

For storage information, see the specific product information within the How Supplied section.

Route-Specific Administration

Oral Administration

  • Administer with or without food.
  • Avoid administration with polyvalent cation-containing products such as dairy products, calcium-fortified beverages, laxatives, antacids, or oral supplements (e.g., calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium, zinc).[63687]

Oral Liquid Formulations

  • Intended for use in patients who have difficulty swallowing tablets or those who require enteral administration.
  • Gently swirl before use. Do not shake.
  • Administer using a calibrated measuring device (oral syringe). The contents of the full bottle(s) of baloxavir for oral suspension should not be taken without use of a calibrated measuring device (oral syringe).
  • Instruct caregiver or patient that the total prescribed dose may require less than 1 bottle (patients weighing less than 20 kg), 1 bottle (patients weighing 20 to 79 kg), or more than 1 bottle (for patients weighing 80 kg or more). Ensure the caregiver or patient uses an oral syringe to measure the prescribed dose of baloxavir for oral suspension. Patients may need to draw up baloxavir for oral suspension multiple times using the oral syringe to receive the full dose.[63687]

 

Reconstitution

  • Gently tap the bottom of the bottle to loosen the granules.
  • Constitute with 20 mL of drinking water or sterile water.
  • Gently swirl the suspension to ensure the granules are evenly suspended. Do not shake.
  • Storage: Prepare the suspension at the time of dispensing. Administration must occur within 10 hours after constitution as the product does not contain a preservative. Store at room temperature 20 to 25 degrees C (68 to 77 degrees F) and keep in original bottle. Write the expiration time and date on the bottle label.[63687]

 

Enteral Administration

  • Draw up the suspension with an enteral syringe.
  • Flush with 1 mL of water before and after enteral administration.[63687]

Clinical Pharmaceutics Information

From Trissel's 2‚Ñ¢ Clinical Pharmaceutics Database
    Revision Date: 08/12/2022, 03:32:51 PM

    References

    63687 - Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil) package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2023 Jun.

    Adverse Reactions

    Mild

    • diarrhea
    • headache
    • nausea
    • rash
    • sinusitis
    • urticaria
    • vomiting

    Severe

    • anaphylactic shock
    • anaphylactoid reactions
    • angioedema
    • erythema multiforme

    Moderate

    • colitis
    • delirium
    • hallucinations
    • melena

    Gastrointestinal adverse reactions reported in adults and adolescents during clinical trials with baloxavir marboxil include diarrhea (3%) and nausea (2%). Diarrhea and vomiting were reported in 5% of patients 5 to 11 years receiving baloxavir in clinical trials. Other adverse reactions reported during postmarketing use include hematochezia, melena, and colitis.[63687]

    Dermatologic and immune system adverse reactions reported during postmarketing use of baloxavir marboxil include cases of anaphylactic shock, anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions, hypersensitivity reactions, angioedema (swelling of face, eyelids, and tongue), rash, urticaria, and erythema multiforme.[63687]

    Headache was reported in 1% of adults and adolescents during clinical trials with baloxavir marboxil. Other adverse reactions reported during postmarketing use include delirium, abnormal behavior, and hallucinations.[63687]

    Respiratory adverse reactions reported in adults and adolescents during clinical trials with baloxavir marboxil include bronchitis (3%) and sinusitis (2%).[63687]

    Revision Date: 08/12/2022, 03:44:46 PM

    References

    63687 - Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil) package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2023 Jun.

    Contraindications/Precautions

    Absolute contraindications are italicized.

    • breast-feeding
    • children
    • infants
    • infection
    • neonates
    • pregnancy
    • vaccination
    • viral infection

    Baloxavir marboxil is contraindicated for use in patients with a known allergic reaction to the drug or any of its components. Cases of anaphylaxis, angioedema, urticaria, and erythema multiforme have been reported during postmarketing use of the drug. If anaphylaxis or a serious allergic reaction develops during treatment, institute appropriate therapy.[63687]

    Antiviral medications with activity against influenza, such as baloxavir marboxil, are not substitutes for receipt of an annual influenza vaccination; these medications should be used as an adjunct to the vaccine in the control of influenza. Interaction studies with baloxavir marboxil and influenza vaccines have not been conducted. Concurrent administration may interfere with the viral replication necessary after administration of the live attenuated influenza vaccine for the proper development of immunity.[63687]

    Serious bacterial infections may begin with influenza-type symptoms or may coexist with or occur as complications of influenza. There are no data to suggest baloxavir marboxil is effective in preventing such complications or treating a viral infection other than influenza virus A and B. Baloxavir marboxil is most effective when initiated within 48 hours of symptom onset.[63687]

    No data are available regarding the use of baloxavir marboxil during human pregnancy. In animal studies, adverse developmental effects were not observed in rats or rabbits with systemic drug exposures of approximately 5- and 7-times, respectively, the exposure at the maximum recommended human dose. When deciding on treatment, health care providers are advised to consider that pregnant women are at higher risk of severe complications from influenza, which may result in adverse pregnancy or fetal outcomes (i.e., maternal death, stillbirth, birth defects, preterm delivery, low birth weight, small gestational age).[63687] The CDC does not recommend baloxavir during pregnancy due to the lack of safety data; oseltamivir is the preferred treatment in pregnant women.[62315]

    It is not known if baloxavir marboxil is excreted in human milk, or if the drug has an adverse effect on milk production or a breastfed infant. Due to the lack of safety data, the CDC does not recommend baloxavir in breast-feeding mothers.[62315] Zanamivir and oseltamivir may be potential alternatives to consider during breast-feeding. However, patient factors, local susceptibility patterns, and specific microbial susceptibility should be assessed before choosing an alternative. Consider the benefits of breast-feeding, the risk of potential infant drug exposure, and the risk of an untreated or inadequately treated condition. If a breast-feeding infant experiences an adverse effect related to a maternally ingested drug, healthcare providers are encouraged to report the adverse effect to the FDA.[46966] [46967] [63687]

    Baloxavir is not indicated in neonates, infants, and children younger than 5 years of age due to increased incidence of treatment emergent resistance in this age group. In clinical trials, the incidence of virus with treatment-emergent substitutions associated with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir (resistance) was higher in patients younger than 5 years (43%, 36/83) than in patients 5 to 11 years (16%, 19/117) or patients 12 years and older (7%, 60/842). The potential for transmission of resistant strains in the community has not been determined.[63687]

    Revision Date: 08/12/2022, 03:34:27 PM

    References

    46966 - Greer LG, Leff RD, Rogers VL, et al. Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in breast milk and maternal plasma. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;204:524e1-524e4.46967 - Tanaka T, Nakajima K, Murashima A, et al. Safety of neuraminidase inhibitors against novel influenza A (H1N1) in pregnant and breastfeeding women. CMAJ. 2009;181(1-2):55-58.62315 - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Influenza antiviral medications: Summary for clinicians, 2020-2021. Retrieved November 5, 2020. Available on the World Wide Web at https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/antivirals/summary-clinicians.htm63687 - Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil) package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2023 Jun.

    Mechanism of Action

    Baloxavir, the active metabolite of baloxavir marboxil, is responsible for the drugs antiviral activity. Baloxavir inhibits the endonuclease activity of polymerase acidic (PA) protein, an influenza virus-specific enzyme in the viral RNA polymerase complex. By blocking the PA protein, baloxavir prevents viral gene transcription and ultimately influenza virus replication.[63687]

     

    Influenza viruses are classified into 3 distinct types, influenza A, B, and C; with influenza infections being attributed to either the influenza A virus or influenza B virus. Influenza A is further divided into subtypes based on their hemagglutinin (H or HA) and neuraminidase (N or NA) activity. At least 16 distinct HAs (H1 to H16) and 9 NAs (N1 to N9) have been described. In 2009, a novel influenza A H1N1 virus (previously referred to as swine influenza) was identified; this virus is included in season influenza A viruses. Human cases of influenza illness from the avian H5N1 virus (commonly known as avian flu) have been reported since 1997. Human infections with avian H7N9, H5N2, H5N8, H9N2, H7N7, and H7N3 viruses have also been described.[36906] [62337]

     

    Based on data from an MDCK-cell-based plaque reduction assay, the median 50% effective concentrations (EC50) of baloxavir are 0.73 nM (n = 31; range 0.2 to 1.85 nM) for subtype A/H1N1 strains, 0.83 nM (n = 33; range 0.35 to 2.63 nM) for subtype A/H3N2 strains, and 5.97 nM (n = 30; range 2.67 to 14.23 nM) for type B strains. A virus titer reduction assay found the 90% effective concentration (EC90) values against avian subtypes A/H5N1 and A/H7N9 to be in the range of 0.8 to 3.16 nM. A relationship between antiviral activity in cell culture and clinical efficacy (i.e., inhibition of influenza virus replication) in humans has not been established.

     

    In clinical studies in patients with confirmed influenza virus infection, the incidence of treatment-emergent amino acid substitutions associated with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir was 4.5% (n = 6 of 134) in influenza A/H1N1 virus, 10.9% (n = 53 of 485) in influenza A/H3N2 virus, and 0.9% (n = 2 of 224) in influenza B virus. In a post-exposure prophylaxis trial (Trial T0834), 27 patients were evaluated for resistance. Of these, influenza virus with substitutions associated with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir was identified in 6 of 6 patients who developed clinical influenza and 7 of 21 patients who did not meet the primary endpoint definition for clinical influenza. Selection of influenza viruses with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir has occurred in higher frequencies in pediatric patients with overall frequencies of 20.1% (n = 6 of 29) in influenza A/H1N1 virus, 34.5% (n = 49 of 142) in influenza A/H3N2 virus, and 0% (n = 0 of 30) in influenza B virus in pooled data from pediatric treatment trials in patients younger than 12 years. Specific amino acid substitutions were E23G/K/R, A37T, I38F/N/S/T for influenza A/H1N1 virus; E23G/K, A37T, I38M/T, E199G for influenza A/H3N2 virus; and T20K, I38T for influenza B virus.

     

    Cross-resistance between baloxavir and neuraminidase inhibitors (i.e., oseltamivir, peramivir, zanamivir) or M2 proton channel inhibitors (i.e., amantadine, rimantadine) is not expected. Baloxavir is active against neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant strains. Similarly, oseltamivir is active against viruses with reduced susceptibility to baloxavir. Consider concurrently available surveillance information on influenza drug susceptibility patterns and treatment effects when deciding on it and which anti-influenza medication to use.[63687]

    Revision Date: 06/16/2023, 03:39:39 PM

    References

    36906 - Treanor JJ. Influenza viruses (including avian influenza and swine influenza). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 8th ed. New York: Churchhill Livingstone; 2015:2000-2024.62337 - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Interim guidance on influenza antiviral chemoprophylaxis of persons exposed to birds with avian influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease or with the potential to cause severe human disease. Retrieved May 3, 2022. Available on the World Wide Web at https://www.cdc.gov/flu/avianflu/guidance-exposed-persons.htm63687 - Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil) package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2023 Jun.

    Pharmacokinetics

    Baloxavir marboxil is administered orally. Once in systemic circulation, the drug is hydrolyzed to form baloxavir (the active metabolite). Baloxavir is 92.9% to 93.9% bound to human plasma proteins and has a volume of distribution of 1,180 L and a blood cell to blood ratio of 48.5% to 54.4%. The primary metabolic pathway is via uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase (UGT1A3) with secondary contributions from CYP3A4. The terminal elimination half-life is 79.1 hours.[63687]

     

    Affected cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and drug transporters: P-glycoprotein (P-gp)

    Both baloxavir marboxil and baloxavir are substrates of the drug transporter P-gp.[63687]

    Route-Specific Pharmacokinetics

    Oral Route

    Peak baloxavir concentrations are achieved 4 hours after oral administration. The systemic drug exposure (AUC) for the 40 mg dose is 5,520 ng x hour/mL and the AUC for the 80 mg dose is 6,930 ng x hour/mL. The maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) for the 40 mg dose is 68.9 ng/mL and the Cmax for the 80 mg dose is 82.5 ng/mL. When administered with food, the AUC is decreased by 36% and the Cmax is decreased by 48%.[63687]

     

    In animal studies, a 48% to 63% decrease in baloxavir exposure was observed when coadministered with calcium, aluminum, magnesium, or iron. No studies have been conducted in humans.[63687]

    Special Populations

    Hepatic Impairment

    The effects of severe hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of baloxavir marboxil or its active metabolite have not been evaluated. No clinically meaningful differences were identified when comparing baloxavir pharmacokinetics in patients with normal and moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B).[63687]

    Renal Impairment

    The effects of severe renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics of baloxavir marboxil or its active metabolite have not been evaluated. No clinically meaningful differences were observed when baloxavir marboxil was administered to patients with creatinine clearance 50 mL/minute or higher.[63687]

    Pediatrics

    After the approved recommended dosage, baloxavir exposures are similar in pediatric subjects (5 to 11 years) compared to adult subjects.[63687]

    Gender Differences

    No clinically significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of baloxavir were observed based on sex.[63687]

    Ethnic Differences

    Systemic exposure (AUC) of baloxavir is approximately 35% lower in non-Asian as compared with Asians; however, this difference is not considered clinically significant.[63687]

    Obesity

    As body weight increases, systemic exposure (AUC) of baloxavir decreases; however, when dosed with the recommended weight-based dosing, no clinically significant difference in AUC was observed between body weight groups (i.e., less than 80 kg vs. 80 kg or more).[63687]

    Revision Date: 08/15/2022, 03:37:01 PM

    References

    63687 - Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil) package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2023 Jun.

    Pregnancy/Breast-feeding

    pregnancy

    No data are available regarding the use of baloxavir marboxil during human pregnancy. In animal studies, adverse developmental effects were not observed in rats or rabbits with systemic drug exposures of approximately 5- and 7-times, respectively, the exposure at the maximum recommended human dose. When deciding on treatment, health care providers are advised to consider that pregnant women are at higher risk of severe complications from influenza, which may result in adverse pregnancy or fetal outcomes (i.e., maternal death, stillbirth, birth defects, preterm delivery, low birth weight, small gestational age).[63687] The CDC does not recommend baloxavir during pregnancy due to the lack of safety data; oseltamivir is the preferred treatment in pregnant women.[62315]

    breast-feeding

    It is not known if baloxavir marboxil is excreted in human milk, or if the drug has an adverse effect on milk production or a breastfed infant. Due to the lack of safety data, the CDC does not recommend baloxavir in breast-feeding mothers.[62315] Zanamivir and oseltamivir may be potential alternatives to consider during breast-feeding. However, patient factors, local susceptibility patterns, and specific microbial susceptibility should be assessed before choosing an alternative. Consider the benefits of breast-feeding, the risk of potential infant drug exposure, and the risk of an untreated or inadequately treated condition. If a breast-feeding infant experiences an adverse effect related to a maternally ingested drug, healthcare providers are encouraged to report the adverse effect to the FDA.[46966] [46967] [63687]

    Revision Date: 11/01/2021, 05:43:15 PM

    References

    46966 - Greer LG, Leff RD, Rogers VL, et al. Pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir in breast milk and maternal plasma. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;204:524e1-524e4.46967 - Tanaka T, Nakajima K, Murashima A, et al. Safety of neuraminidase inhibitors against novel influenza A (H1N1) in pregnant and breastfeeding women. CMAJ. 2009;181(1-2):55-58.62315 - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Influenza antiviral medications: Summary for clinicians, 2020-2021. Retrieved November 5, 2020. Available on the World Wide Web at https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/antivirals/summary-clinicians.htm63687 - Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil) package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2023 Jun.

    Interactions

    Level 2 (Major)

    • Aluminum Hydroxide
    • Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Carbonate
    • Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Hydroxide
    • Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Hydroxide; Simethicone
    • Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Trisilicate
    • Calcium (oral)
    • Calcium Acetate
    • Calcium Carbonate
    • Calcium Carbonate; Famotidine; Magnesium Hydroxide
    • Calcium Carbonate; Magnesium Hydroxide
    • Calcium Carbonate; Magnesium Hydroxide; Simethicone
    • Calcium Carbonate; Simethicone
    • Calcium Gluconate
    • Calcium; Vitamin D
    • Chlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine
    • Chromium
    • Folic Acid, Vitamin B9
    • Iron Sucrose, Sucroferric Oxyhydroxide
    • Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (intranasal)
    • Magnesium Citrate
    • Magnesium Hydroxide
    • Pyridoxine, Vitamin B6
    • Selenium
    • Zinc
    • Zinc Salts
    Aluminum Hydroxide: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain aluminum hydroxide. Polyvalent cations, such as aluminum, can chelate with baloxavir; thereby reducing its absorption. [63687] Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Carbonate: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain aluminum hydroxide. Polyvalent cations, such as aluminum, can chelate with baloxavir; thereby reducing its absorption. [63687] (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain magnesium carbonate. Polyvalent cations, such as magnesium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Hydroxide: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain aluminum hydroxide. Polyvalent cations, such as aluminum, can chelate with baloxavir; thereby reducing its absorption. [63687] (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain magnesium hydroxide. Polyvalent cations, such as magnesium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Hydroxide; Simethicone: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain aluminum hydroxide. Polyvalent cations, such as aluminum, can chelate with baloxavir; thereby reducing its absorption. [63687] (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain magnesium hydroxide. Polyvalent cations, such as magnesium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Aluminum Hydroxide; Magnesium Trisilicate: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain aluminum hydroxide. Polyvalent cations, such as aluminum, can chelate with baloxavir; thereby reducing its absorption. [63687] (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain magnesium trisilicate. Polyvalent cations, such as magnesium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Calcium (oral): (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain calcium. Polyvalent cations, such as calcium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Calcium Acetate: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain calcium. Polyvalent cations, such as calcium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Calcium Carbonate: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain calcium. Polyvalent cations, such as calcium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Calcium Carbonate; Famotidine; Magnesium Hydroxide: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain calcium. Polyvalent cations, such as calcium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Calcium Carbonate; Magnesium Hydroxide: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain calcium. Polyvalent cations, such as calcium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Calcium Carbonate; Magnesium Hydroxide; Simethicone: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain calcium. Polyvalent cations, such as calcium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Calcium Carbonate; Simethicone: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain calcium. Polyvalent cations, such as calcium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Calcium Gluconate: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain calcium. Polyvalent cations, such as calcium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Calcium; Vitamin D: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain calcium. Polyvalent cations, such as calcium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Chlorpheniramine; Pseudoephedrine: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain zinc. Polyvalent cations, such as zinc, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Chromium: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain calcium. Polyvalent cations, such as calcium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Folic Acid, Vitamin B9: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain calcium. Polyvalent cations, such as calcium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Iron Sucrose, Sucroferric Oxyhydroxide: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain oral iron sucrose, sucroferric oxyhydroxide. Polyvalent cations, such as iron, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (intranasal): (Major) Do not administer the intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) 2 weeks before or 17 days after administration of baloxavir, unless medically indicated. Inactivated influenza vaccines may be used, as appropriate. Because of its antiviral properties, baloxavir may interfere with the efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccines. Therefore, live influenza virus vaccines are not recommended during treatment with baloxavir. Consult currently recommended guidance on the use of antiviral drugs against influenza. [63436] Magnesium Citrate: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain magnesium citrate. Polyvalent cations, such as magnesium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Magnesium Hydroxide: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain magnesium hydroxide. Polyvalent cations, such as magnesium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Pyridoxine, Vitamin B6: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain calcium. Polyvalent cations, such as calcium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Selenium: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with selenium. Polyvalent cations, such as selenium, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Zinc Salts: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain zinc. Polyvalent cations, such as zinc, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687] Zinc: (Major) Do not administer baloxavir with products that contain zinc. Polyvalent cations, such as zinc, can chelate with baloxavir, reducing its absorption. [63687]
    Revision Date: 09/29/2023, 01:50:00 AM

    References

    63436 - Grohskopf LA, Blanton LH, Ferdinands JM, et al. Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2023-2024 Influenza Season. MMWR 2023;72(2):1-25.63687 - Xofluza (baloxavir marboxil) package insert. South San Francisco, CA: Genentech, Inc; 2023 Jun.

    Monitoring Parameters

    • laboratory monitoring not necessary

    US Drug Names

    • Xofluza
    • Xofluza Granules
    ;